Irresistible Infrastructure

to top 1Action 1: the Phone Server 2Action 2: the Glossary 3Action 3: the Bleibeguide

written by Maika Dieterich

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1 Abstract

Starting from the inadequacies of global digital infrastructure and its predetermined options, roles and narratives of growth, this thesis asks how we can move past complaint towards the making of irresistible infrastructure. It is structured through three practice-based action-research cycles: building a web server from an old phone, writing a glossary based on conversations with collectives that make and maintain their own digital infrastructure, and repairing, maintaining and hosting the Bleibeguide, an existing digital collection in Basel. Through these encounters and actions, the thesis argues that irresistible infrastructure emerge as meso-scale projects that centre the quality of their relations and are aligned with and directed towards a purpose. The thesis offers a working definition of irresistible infrastructure that is grounded in the relation between intimacy, materiality and scale and proposes this as a means of practising and building digital systems that allow for meaningful interaction and exchange.

2 Introduction

In 1858, the first transatlantic cable was laid on the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, connecting Canada and Ireland and laying the foundation of what would become the global internet as we know it. To protect the cable from the conditions at the bottom of the sea, it was covered in a latex casing. This latex was extracted from the gutta-percha tree. A fully grown tree yields a few hundred grams of this material, which remains durable, flexible and waterproof in ocean water (Crofton 2022). To obtain enough of the material needed to encase this first cable, almost a million gutta-percha trees were felled in Malaysia and Singapore. The cable broke after only three weeks, and many years, kilometres of cables and failed attempts were necessary to secure a connection that would actually function for longer stretches of time. Over the course of these first decades of transatlantic telegraph cable-laying, the gutta-percha tree became at risk of extinction. (Crawford 2021, 47)

The material problems of the first submarine cables were mainly ones of insulation and protection. British-owned companies extracted and manufactured the gutta-percha latex at scale to insulate cables in a way that their data would not be conducted out into the ocean water. This monopoly meant that they made the decisions on the first transcontinental cable connections and, as a result, spent the first decades laying cables to their colonies, in an attempt to strengthen their power overseas (Starosielski 2015, 32-33). The devastating impact of extraction for cables, resulting in deforestation and biodiversity loss, is shocking, yet fits seamlessly into the way decisions and developments for global technological infrastructure happen today. The story of these cables relates directly to the talk Liu Ting-Chun gave in Offenbach in 2025, mapping out the power structures behind the manufacturing of the Nvidia A100 GPU. Liu highlights how each production step is dominated by a highly extractive and environmentally damaging corporate monopoly. The silicon wafers that form the base on which the circuits of the graphics card are printed are produced almost exclusively in Taiwan, the global need for them forming the so-called “silicon shield” that is a protection of Taiwan’s autonomy from China (Šimov 2025).

In many ways, observing the acceleration and hype of generative AI has felt like observing a new order of magnitude in global hardware being built, bought, speculated on, monopolised and fought over. Compared to this, the early stages of the internet are often described as a decentralised, open, unregulated infrastructure. Yet, even the initial steps towards the global internet system through this first transatlantic cable were already a site of environmental disaster, extraction and colonial surveillance technology. In both cases, the decisions are made by major global companies, which not only control and determine the conditions, features and connectivity but also, to a certain extent, the narrative around the infrastructure.

Despite their materiality, computational infrastructure is continually obfuscated behind bodiless metaphors and seamless user experiences. Server centres and “cloud” services seem intangible and abstract, the location and the use of resources and materials are hidden. We can barely tell when processes are running on our phone or laptop and when the computation or storage is outsourced to a server centre halfway around the world. This causes all applications to feel equally weightless, regardless of their actual load. The rise of generative AI is accompanied by media coverage of GPU shortages and discussions about European sovereignty from US tech monopolies and their servers. Conversations about hardware have once again made their way into the mainstream media, as well as into more and more other communities and fields, including design. As these computationally intensive algorithms become more widely used and discussed, the concept of immateriality becomes increasingly difficult to maintain. To us as users, technological developments such as generative AI seem beyond our influence. They are often added to our tools without our approval and confront us with the binary options of use or non-use. Involving these systems in our workflows, we become even more reliant on heavy computational infrastructure and the convenience of outsourcing our computation and data.

Irresistible Infrastructure is a research project in the context of the MA Transversal Design at HGK Basel. The project emerged from my (the author’s) frustration as a designer regarding the manner in which global digital systems are made and narrated, and the ways designers are implicated in legitimising and aestheticising these systems. The research aims to move beyond complaints about the affective and material dependencies on big tech infrastructure and its resulting political power, examining existing practices for gaining agency and literacy, and for collectively creating tools and infrastructure.

In this thesis, these are referred to as irresistible infrastructure. The term was brought up during a conversation in our thesis mentoring pod, when my friend and colleague Olga pointed out that, when it comes to digital boycott, we focus on the things we no longer have access to rather than the new (irresistible) things we will encounter instead. As adrienne maree brown writes, “When it feels good, more people want to be part of it. [..] we need to be fomenting an irresistible space that everyone wants to move towards. It should feel like home; it should feel delicious; it should feel caring. It should feel like a community. That’s also a design piece.” (brown n.d.) With this in mind, this research asks: What is irresistible infrastructure and how can we move towards it?

2.1 Context and method

I start with my background and network as a designer and (self-taught) programmer. While these fields often rely on and encourage high computational practices, for this project I specifically turn to practitioners and communities that apply trans*feminist and eco-responsible approaches to technology and computation. Approaches that view limitation as a source of inspiration rather than an obstacle to overcome. The projects and collectives I refer to are often from and build on, but also extend and transverse art, design, ICT and programming. I especially, but not exclusively, look at projects connected to the terms trans*feminist server practices, feminist hacking, permacomputing and computing with/in limits. I then expand to other contexts and thinkers for perspectives on strategies for collectivity and organising, emergence, intimacy, smallness and non-scalability. They inform both the affective qualities of the infrastructure and practices I am describing and its potential impact.

I conducted three action-research cycles that each consist of hands-on examination through making, in exchange or in direct collaboration with other people. These cycles of action and reflection inform each other, and are additionally informed by conversations and readings. In this sense, I treat the method itself as a designerly form of action research, shaped through cycles of action and reflection in participation with others (Silverman 2015, 716-717). An action consists of three phases, which are reflected in the structure of the following text.

Planning
Identifying an interest and gathering information, in the thesis: introducing the topic.

Acting
Developing the action and practising it, in the thesis: documenting and describing the action.

Reflecting
Being in conversation/sharing back, reflecting on the process, in the thesis: reflections.

The first action took place from September to November 2025 and involved making a solar-powered server using an old smartphone, as well as using it as a web server for my democrit (mid-way presentation) in March. The second action was visiting collectives in Berlin, Rotterdam, Basel, Mainz and Freiburg and making the glossary, which took place from November to February, with further visits and conversations extending until June. The third action was remaking and hosting the Bleibeguide website together with my friend and colleague Luca, which took place from February to April. The rest of the time was spent putting my reflections into writing and making the thesis website.

2.2 Scale and interdependency

The projects, infrastructure and communities I look at and engage with are meso-scale, meaning they bridge individual practice (micro) and global systemic structure (macro). As adrienne maree brown states, “When we speak of systemic change, we need to be fractal. Fractals – a way to speak of the patterns we see – move from the micro to macro level.” (brown 2017, 59). The projects that work on digital infrastructure in small communities or on small scales can be especially radical in their proposals and actions. They often don’t aim to “scale up” to compete as global alternatives but rather, if at all, scale horizontally, in ideas and tools being shared and repurposed specific to each context. As Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing states, “Scalability requires that project elements be oblivious to the indeterminacies of encounter; that’s how they allow smooth expansion. Thus, too, scalability banishes meaningful diversity, that is, diversity that might change things. [...] It is time to turn attention to the nonscalable, not only as objects for description but also as incitements to theory.” (2015, 38).

Not scaling vertically can also mean relying on each other and growing through interdependent networks and alliances, as shown by the TITiPI 1 interdependent infrastructure map, which maps a web of mutual support where each collective hosts few services to share amongst each other, rather than each hosting everything they need. In this view, scale is not about reaching more users or increasing capacity, but about the depth and density of relations between contexts. To start building on my web of interdependency, this thesis website is hosted on compost.party, a collective I met in November that provides web hosting on a solar-powered smartphone server on a roof in Berlin. Being connected to a solar panel, it can occasionally be unavailable. (Read more about compost.party in Action 2)

2.3 Materiality, scale and intimacy in irresistible infrastructure

This research engages with transversal relationality across different projects, collectives and infrastructure. I am specifically interested in the relation between materiality, scale and intimacy. Materiality refers to the material conditions and local/global implications of hardware, as introduced in the story of the first transatlantic cable. Scale refers to growing interdependent networks as described in the paragraph above. I refer to intimacy as a practice of world-making, as described by Lauren Berlant. Asking in server practices and the making of digital systems, “what other spaces of enjoyment and relationality can we imagine, and how can we build on those attachments and patterns in order to create a world of curiosity and play that is more meaningful than the one we are living in now” (Berlant n.d.). My understanding of irresistibility is informed by adrienne maree brown, for whom transformation happens through relation, repetition and scale (brown 2017). I approach server practices as infrastructure because they are not only technical systems, but ongoing arrangements of maintenance, labour, care, access and dependence. In this thesis, I look at how intimacy and materiality shape whether the infrastructure is used, sustained and meaningful, and how scale affects what kinds of relations they can support. Through the three action-research cycles, I gradually develop a working definition of irresistible infrastructure.

1: “The Institute for Technology in the Public Interest (TITiPI) is a trans-practice gathering of activists, artists, engineers and theorists initiated by Miriyam Aouragh, Seda Gürses, Helen Pritchard and Femke Snelting. We convene communities to articulate, activate and re-imagine together what computational technologies in the “public interest” might be when “public interest” is always in-the-making" (TITiPI n.d.)

The solar-powered smartphone server that is hosting this website. (Image credits compost.party)
The solar server that is hosting this website. (Image credits compost.party)

Action 1: the Phone Server

3.1 Planning - What else is a server

Visiting the Tools for Change exhibition 2 at HEK in the summer before I started this research, I encountered the work Solar Protocol, as well as the Low-Tech Magazine. Solar Protocol is a global-spanning network of solar servers, with its website being hosted by the server that has the most sun. Low-Tech Magazine is a web magazine for low-tech practices hosted on a small solar server, which has been running since 2018. I had also started reading about permacomputing, and through the forum found the compost.party server. It is a phone connected to a small solar panel without an additional battery, so, especially in winter, it experiences longer periods of disconnection. All of these websites show the status of the server, the battery level and a picture of the server. They also all have extensive documentation of the setup and, in some cases, a maintenance log, which logs the ongoing work that goes into maintaining its online status. These projects all make their server infrastructure, its construction and maintenance visible and tie its upkeep and energy supply to the local conditions, prioritising these conditions (people’s capacity and time, weather, existing hardware) over constant connectivity. This dismantles the narrative of the cloud and shows alternative modes of hosting. They also convey another image of what a server can be and what server administration looks like, which stands in contrast to images of large server centres and their workers.

3.2 Acting - How to build a server

Planning to make a server was inspired by the manuals I saw in Low-Tech Magazine and the TiTIPI wiki. The process of starting with electronic waste and finding ways to repurpose it seemed the only viable starting point when acknowledging the conditions reinforced by hardware production. This approach is visible in works like the disposable vape web server, a web page hosted on the chip of a vape by Bogdan Ionescu, Chaline Bang’s seedling, a collaborative server running on an old macbook, or Francesco Scheffczyk’s sys/net/visible, an installation running on old office PC’s found in the trash. They all show and document strategies to repair and hack e-waste instead of buying new computers to match the ones specified in one of the manuals.

After asking around, I got hold of an old smartphone that was no longer needed or in use by anyone in my social circle. As it was still in good condition, I used termux to gain terminal access. I implemented a file sharing system (sftp) and hosted a web page with a tinyfilemanager and a git versioning tool (forgejo), both to understand the limitations and possibilities that such a small computer imposes and to understand what makes something a (web) server. The idea at that point was to store everything for my thesis on the server and to serve the output (website/publication/..) from there to the internet. I also borrowed a small solar panel that supplied the energy. The server is connected to a hotspot and the website is served into the network, only occasionally available to the internet through a cloudflare tunnel. This means that no Wi-Fi router is necessary, and the server could be used anywhere that has cell reception and enough sun. Using a tunnel is convenient, but it also means that a cloudflare server, often in the US, is involved. This contrasts with the perceived locality of the infrastructure, which is why I chose to use a wifi router going forward. While its size limits its storage capacity, a phone as a server gives the possibility of physical proximity and mobility. This then also removes the need for it to be perpetually online (and on), it can be turned on when needed. Being close to the server also means that it rarely needs to be accessible to the wider internet, most things can be done through the network. While making the server, I started jotting down the commands, which turned into a server manual containing explanations of some technical terms and instructions, available here.

The server was active only when I was working on it. As a moment of social activation of the server, I retroprojected a live video of the phone on a wall and held a demo within the MA group. In the session, I hosted a website on the university network and on the wider internet through a cloudflare tunnel. During the session, the people in the room could submit messages to the website. Using traceroute, a terminal command that sends data packets to a web address and sends back information on the internet nodes it passes through, we traced the path of the data on its way to the website through various university and corporate nodes around Basel and Zurich, all the way to the cloudflare server in San Francisco.

Image of the live hosting demo website.
The live hosting demo website.
Image of the traceroute output.
The traceroute output.

3.3 Reflecting - Why (not) to build a server

The projects I had encountered were compelling visualisations, yet their value largely resided in exhibition spaces, rarely inviting active, long-term participation. This left me with a central question: What does digital infrastructure look like when it exists to be inhabited and co-created rather than just observed? I had been in conversation with Chaline and Francesco, whose projects had both been made in collaboration with others and I was questioning how to involve more people in my process.

This first cycle was focused on materiality and technical setup, and it gave me a first set of defining features for irresistible infrastructure, both through what I achieved with the phone server (agency, literacy, locality) and what I didn’t (purpose, connection, relation). While locality and materiality are important factors for irresistible infrastructure, I realised that it is not something that can be worked on alone, but rather requires a meso-scale of collective relations. Irresistible infrastructure is more than a technical artefact, it is a system of humans and technology that has a purpose it aims to be aligned with and support. I decided I had hit a momentary dead-end and chose to close the action. For the moment, the phone server remained a method of investigation to understand certain concepts, such as dependence, maintenance, and scale, by making them materially present and visible. My mentors Helen and Cristina introduced me to more projects and collectives, and I began to research them, now looking past their technical documentation to understand the social labour that keeps them alive.

2: “The international group exhibition *Tools for Change*, which focuses on artists as inventors of ‘convivially structured tools’, presents a wide range of artistic approaches that develop alternative visions for technology and society, whilst highlighting aspects such as accessibility, creativity, justice and interdependence.” (HEK 2024, 1)

Photo of the solar phone server.
The solar phone server.

Server Manual

What is a server?

I like to think of a server as someone else's computer. This is really clear when you think about how you probably used to have a hard drive with movies on it, that you would occasionally pass around to friends. You connect the hard drive to your laptop and watch the movie. You know the location of the movie (your computer, in that case extended by the hard drive). When you stream a movie, and you don't know the location, that means its on someone else's computer (aka some huge server center somewhere). Similarly, when you take a picture, and it's on your phone, you know the location of the image, it's on your computer. The moment it is backed up by a cloud, to make sure you can access it from another device, someone else's computer is involved again and keeps a copy for you. The idea of someone else storing your data for you might also feel more personal than the idea of a cloud backing something up. Who did I give this data to and what is our agreement on what they do with it? They might delete half of the movies on the hard drive. Or organise screenings and make money of them.

Why build a server?

Maybe knowing that someone else's computer is actually yours, or your friends seems like a better place for the protocols of the revolution you and your friends are planning. Maybe it seems unnecessary for kilometres of cables and stacks of computers to be built, maintained and fed for the terabytes of digital trash that you have no intention of ever sorting through again. Building it could be an exercise in just how much you can still do on a really old, really small computer. Or it could be a thought experiment on how the internet works. Or on what a network and a shell connection is. It could also be thinking about what the things are that we actually want to hold on to.

Materials:

  • A computer. It should be something you already have or somebody else already has. An old laptop, a rasberry pi, even a micro-controller. I am going to talk about making a server from an old smartphone.

  • Internet access, either wifi/lan or mobile data.

  • Energy supply. A power plug is the no-brainer, but you could also have fun with this one.

  • Some frustration tolerance and/or motivation. Maybe do it together with a friend or bring snacks. (The less technical skills or interest, the more frustration tolerance you should bring.)

The basic setup:

Find out the exact model of your phone (usually somewhere in settings). Also have a look at what you are dealing with. Is it still working? How slow is it? These things are important for the next step. To get direct access to the hardware we need either a new operating system or a terminal application. Otherwise we are limited to the options the normal interface and apps give us, which is not what you want.

For android phones the two major options are Postmarket OS (a completely new operating system) or Termux (a terminal app that emulates a small Linux environment). For both you have to check the compatibility of your phone and the software. (First googling exercise). If your phone is still in pretty good condition, I would suggest resetting it to factory conditions (to clear up space) and installing Termux. If it’s pretty trash it might make sense to go for Postmarket OS. Follow a basic tutorial to set this up.
For Termux: Make sure to install through the website and not the App Store, otherwise you can’t add plugins later on.

Working on your phone from your computer aka establishing an ssh connection:

PREP: This is completely optional, but I think it's a good place to start. Working in the terminal on your phone can be a bit annoying. With an ssh (secure shell) connection from your phone to your laptop, you can work on your phone from your laptop. This will also give you a first sense of how to connect hardware and what it means to have something connected through a network. Essentially, we will open a terminal window that gives you access to your phone hardware instead of to your computer. Kind of like a teamviewer window, where you can suddenly see someone else's computer and do things on there. We need Termux installed, as well as the Termux:API extension. It's best to download these through their website rather than the playstore, otherwise setting up the extension might not work. Then you have a terminal app ready on your phone!

DOING:

  1. Connect your phone and laptop to the same wifi or hotspot (this is really important so they can find each other).

  2. Find out your phones name and ip address. whoami and termux-wifi-connectioninfo.

  3. sshd on termux to start ssh service.

  4. Ssh name@id -p port (so we tell our computer to establish a ssh connection to a particular computer on a particular port. If you don’t really know about ports, put 8022. In total the command should look something like this ssh u0_a268@192.168.255.50 -p 8022 but with a different name and id).

  5. You should have a terminal window that is connected to your phone. To check its running on the phone: ps | grep sshd, to check on you laptop: instead of your computers name, it should say your phones name in the first line of the terminal window.

Using it to store and exchange files aka the actual server part:

There are multiple ways out there to achieve this. Here I will outline two, but it could be that there are a more functional ways out there to achieve what you need.

SFTP: ftp -P 8022 u0_a268@172.20.10.2 Replace device name and ip address with your own data. This opens a sftp connection on port 22, make sure you are not in ssh but in your local terminal, so on the device that has the data you want to transfer to the server. Inside sftp>: pwd → shows your remote directory. lpwd → shows your local directory. ls → lists remote files. lls → lists local files. cd → changes remote directory. lcd → changes local directory. mkdir: Create remote directory. put: Upload from local to remote. get: Download from remote to local. exit: Close SFTP session.

TinyFileManager: pull tinyfilemanager to repo, remove auth from file. (Add the repo link after pull. When the repo is pulled, you can remove the line that asks for authentication from the code, otherwise you will be asked to sign in.) php -S 127.0.0.1:8000

Hosting a website aka making it into a web server

PREP: We will need a http server and cloudflared installed. pkf install nodejs npm install http-server

DOING: Make a directory and add an index.html: mkdir webroot, cd webroot, nano index.html. This opens a text editor. Add the code for your website here. If you don't have any, you can copy this. ctrl s to save and ctrl x to exit the editor. ls check that you see your index.html file. http-server -p 8000. To view the page from another device, put the ip address of the server device before the port. cloudflared tunnel --url http://0.0.0.0:8000 provides a url to access your page from other devices.

Hosting a forgejo git platform for code versioning

forgejo-contrib/delightful-forgejo#60 -> pkg install forgejo https://devforum.roblox.com/t/forgejo-in-a-nutshell/2505867 Run forgejo to start, online on 0.0.0.0:3000

Tracing the Route

This is a fun command that works on any device. On Termux: pkg install traceroute. Run traceroute followed by the domain you want to trace. On termux, the default will be 30 hops and 3 packages simultaneously.

Action 2: the Glossary

4.1 Planning - Sending texts

“We see local serving as an act of empowerment. To oppose big tech and to be independent. For local communities and the people around us. No need for the big complicated internet. Just you and me! Something intimate and personal.” (buffet and Murphy 2020, 1) The intimacy referred to in the Server Charms documentation is something I experienced on many of the small community servers and spaces I visited online. These spaces often felt personal. One of the reasons I felt I needed to visit at least some of the collectives was to establish a personal connection to the people behind and in these spaces before using their services or writing about them. I wanted to learn more about their processes. What is the work they do, and how do they share and sustain it long-term? What is the purpose of the infrastructure they are building? I started reaching out and asked if I could come by.

4.2 Acting - Establishing connections

I visited different collectives, meetups and events that had come up in my research. I had started my project with visiting the Transform Conference in Trier and Hack the Promise in Basel. At the end of 2025, I went on a trip to visit the Berlin Permacomputing Meetup, compost.party, varia and the poetic computation research group in Rotterdam and the assembly of the re:coding everyday technology publication and meeting some of my old colleagues in Mainz. At the beginning of 2026, I attended a literate programming workshop led by Ana Meisel at unsorted.love in Zürich, met Chaline online, visited the Haecksen in Freiburg, and met Wolke7 in Basel. I started with the threads or projects I had encountered often or knew someone in, and then followed their recommendations to the next group or person. While they have different practices, either in their general work, at the events I visited, or within their collective, I was interested mostly in server practices and limitation. The conversations I had were in very different contexts and lengths and were held informally. After the encounters, I held onto my direct thoughts by recording a voice note or writing down some notes and wrote another page of reflections the next day. Looking for a way to share some of the inspiration from my encounters outward again, I decided to make a glossary. Rather than attempting to establish authority over technical terms, the glossary aims to compile a collection of definitions, quotes, anecdotes, images and memes related to my evolving understanding of various technical terms I encountered. To support a multiplicity of meanings, each term can have any number of entries. There is no fixed version of this collection, it is only a snapshot. Aside from my conversations, the glossary and the following reflection also contain quotes and thoughts from accompanying reading.

Haecksen meeting in Freiburg.
Haecksen meeting in Freiburg.
Compost.party server in Berlin.
Compost.party server in Berlin.
rosa on shelf.
rosa on shelf.
Varia space in Rotterdam.
Varia space in Rotterdam.

4.3 Reflecting - Thinking back

4.3.1 Challenging roles

Digital infrastructure is much more than its cables, nodes and computational processes, much more than the sum of its materials. Global systems pass through and are determined by many bodies. Interacting with them presents a predetermined and narrow set of roles to take on within the infrastructure, roles that are usually assigned to us rather than chosen by ourselves, such as engineer, user, protester,... When we make our own systems, these roles can remain open, the borders can be blurred, or we can switch back and forth between them. The project A Traversal Network of Feminist Servers 3 does this by creating rooms to sit and learn together. They describe it as being “[...] not only about the work itself, but also about creating a culture around doing the work. To create habits and language around it, and moments of being together.” (2023, 44). One method for this are tmux sessions, where everyone with a connection to the server can see the same terminal window, so all the commands and their execution is visible to everyone at the same time. This enables a sharing of the roles of server administrator or system engineer.

I share the tmux command with Arne as we are sitting around a kitchen table drinking tea. He started compost.party, who supply a tiny hosting service on their solar smartphone web server. Anyone can write them and ask to get access to their webspace. They will be encouraged to be part of the hosting and maintenance process, either around this table, in a park or online. Aside from the space limitation of the phone, that means that only as many people can participate as is manageable for the compost.party team. One of Arne’s motivations for maintaining compost.party is his corporate job as a server administrator and the discomfort he feels there with the unilateral control over other people’s data and access rights. At compost.party, they want to share that power and responsibility.

This collective maintenance of the IT infrastructure is a fundamental shift and often means learning the necessary skills first. It takes time and effort from the group, but can also ensure that data privacy, independence from big tech or other ideals of the group are translated into their infrastructure setups. As Mara from the feminist hack meetings in Athens states:

It is common in Greece that the technical tasks of a collective, and of a project, are managed by male programmers who are not part of the group and its principles. Under this condition the tools developed are dissociated from feminist approaches and are seen as technological artefacts that give solutions, they are separated from the context they are about to become part of. (ATNOFS 2023, 143).

Marloes de Valk refers to the alignment between a group’s methods and its goals (when infrastructure is organised according to shared values) as a form of prefigurative politics (De Valk 2025, 115). In this sense, movements try to put their ideals into practice in the present, shaping their social relations, decision-making, and culture to reflect the kind of world they want to create (Boggs 1977, quoted in De Valk 2025, 113).

Visiting different feminist or FLINTA* hack spaces, or speaking to people who are part of these spaces, there is often a distinct importance placed on including people who don’t have a background in IT or programming into their spaces and workshops. They tend to use easier, less technical language and aim to create environments that are attentive to different needs. Rather than positioning expertise as something defined by complex technical knowledge, these spaces try to value the diverse perspectives each person brings, regardless of formal training or academic background. At the Haecksen 4 meetup I visited in Freiburg, having an interest in watching movies or being there to accompany a friend resulted in the same curious questions and conversations as coming in with years of experience in coding and IT. More than anything, it was about eating together, occupying the space and connecting over shared interests.

Irresistible infrastructure remake our relations to technology (and each other) by opening roles that anyone can inhabit, enabling a movement between different roles and encouraging non-expert participation. This is part of what can make spaces like compost.party and ATNOFs irresistible, they host shared learning and mutual dependence, remaking their infrastructure into a site of care instead of expert service. This shared administration isn't seamless or scalable. It's intimate, limited, hands-on, and it leaves behind the user-maker binary to explore many roles of active participation.

4.3.2 Documentation as an invitation to agency

The language used in the documentation of these projects makes it really clear who is invited to participate, reenact, remix and engage. This is reflected in the ATNOFS text in a conversation transcript from their meetup in Varia “in the documentation there are phrases that say things like ‘please break things, we will fix it all together later’, or there are messages that say ‘don’t be afraid’, and I really like that“ (ATNOFS 2023, 44). Out of the six project meet-ups, the last was reserved for reflection and documentation, also inviting people from outside the project to bring in methods and questions.

Documentation that offers ways to tackle problems that might come up, doesn’t assume prior knowledge, and reads in a way that sounds empowering or motivating to people who don’t have experience with these technologies already encourages further digital literacy and agency. This is really clear in the Server Charms documentation. I meet Paula in Berlin, and she shares the link to the documentation with me after attending a Server Charms workshop at the FLITNA hack space Heart of Code. It offers ideas on where you could source materials or who you could turn to for additional support, favouring offline solutions that bring you into contact with people in your area. Instead of linking to a kit to buy online and a video tutorial, they suggest asking friends or finding a community electronics workshop to borrow materials and get tips on how to use it. (buffet and Murphy 2020, 3).

This can be extended further into the code itself. At a literate programming workshop in Zürich, Ana Meisel from the permacomputing club in London talks about the concept of literate programming and invites us to use it in one of our existing projects. Literate programming is a concept from the 80’s. A quote from Donald Knuth on Ana’s slides reads “Instead of imagining that our main task is to instruct a computer what to do, let us concentrate rather on explaining to human beings what we want a computer to do”. This method asks us to think about the systems we are building before we start making, to slow down and consider functionalities and external entanglements. It can also be especially relevant in projects that include multiple people of different backgrounds and technical knowledge. Programming software or maintaining infrastructure together doesn’t necessitate all members of the group to acquire the same set of (technical) knowledge.

When documentation prioritises the reasoning behind decisions and offers solutions for different contexts and levels of understanding, non-coders can become active participants with real agency. By focusing on the why over the how and on literate documentation, irresistible infrastructure can enable three things: active participation and distributed maintenance, critical questioning of the system itself and interaction beyond real-life encounters.

4.3.3 Building for resilience

The pressure to deliver reliable services often increases as a community of users expands, a challenge described by Wolke7, a local cloud provider in Basel that provides server space for hundreds of active users. They can appear like a professional company, while they are actually a volunteer-led, non-profit collective. Their infrastructure is maintained by a handful of individuals using donated or second-hand hardware, relying entirely on contributions of time, space, and materials. Not being able to see behind the scenes, their subscribers sometimes expect the kind of conditions and service they are used to from big tech cloud providers. As we sit in a bar, Milan shows a photo of their first server, an old desktop PC running in an atelier attic. Together they recount the numerous times they transported servers across Basel by bicycle, searching for years for a location that offered the right conditions (internet, free rent, heat regulation and energy supply) and where the server noise isn’t a nuisance.

Working with digital infrastructure long-term doesn’t mean it has to be constantly online. For many groups, making and maintaining infrastructure is not their main work, so this has to be scaled to what is actually sustainable for the people involved. The TITiPI interdependent infrastructure map shows a way, in which each collective from the TITiPI network provides one or two services on its servers and then relies on the rest of the other collectives within the network. This also leaves space for projects that don’t have the capacity to self-host to get access to services that align with their ideals.

This shift changes the way we view projects such as rosa, the travelling feminist server. Rosa is offline when travelling and is mainly activated for specific events or meetings as a space for collective thinking and documentation. However, since the server has a physical location, it is difficult to share the responsibility equally in practice. Rosa is resting on a shelf when I meet Cristina, and she tells me that, towards the end of the project rosa started from, the groups had already been discussing how often the server needs to be activated to justify keeping it for this purpose.

For many of these projects and collectives, the connections and relationships formed during and around their work are much more central than the servers or tools they worked on together. The resilience of irresistible infrastructure is not redundancy, uptime and reliability of its services, but rather the quality of its relationships, which outlive its technical failures. As adrienne maree brown mentions, “emergence shows us that adaptation and evolution depend more upon critical, deep and authentic connections, a thread that can be tugged for support and resilience. The quality of connection between the nodes in the patterns.” (2017, 14)

4.3.4 Joyful experimentation

Not all the projects and collectives focus on long-term server practices or hosting alternatives to cloud services. As written in the Trans*feminist Counter Cloud Action FAQ by TITiPI “self-hosted projects or local service providers do not have the capacity, training or resources to measure and deliver the required analytics with equal authority. But we think they do have the capacity to develop more intelligent modes of dealing with computing within limits, rather than banking on the promises of Net Zero.” (2023, 15). Some projects that are more short-term and experimental can still make suggestions for computing otherwise that can flow into longer-term infrastructure.

A main driving force for many of these collectives or projects is the idea of limitation. In practice, this means reclaiming and caring for old hardware instead of buying new. It can also be writing lightweight software that works in old browsers, or clear documentation so projects can be reused and maintained over time. Perhaps the most radical and least visible approach is deciding not to make something, deleting things that are not in use, and maintaining existing systems instead of building new ones. These principles are the core of permacomputing.

This is why a radical reduction of that wastefulness is a major concern to us: maximize the hardware lifespans, minimize the energy use. And this is not just about a set of technical problems to be fixed – the attitudes also need a radical turn. Small is beautiful, understandability is beautiful, ‘virtual’ is not immaterial, online time should be used wisely, not everything needs to be constantly available, doing things with less is not ‘returning to the past.’ (De Valk and Heikkilä 2021, 1-2).

Projects like Windternet 5 propose going beyond the idea of limiting harm and towards building regenerative community infrastructure that actively improves the conditions in their environment (Snodgrass et al. 2024).

Working within these limitations, whether in hardware, uptime, or energy, is an inconvenient act. Berlant asks us to “[...] think differently about the encounter with the inconvenience of other people: that we might desire not only them or any objects but also the inconvenience” (Berlant 2022, 170 quoted from Poppe 2023). Rather than being avoided, these limitations are actively desired because they shape the outcome and lead to discovery. In design, this approach fosters new aesthetics rooted in data size limitation, the handmade web 6, and amateur programming. These become entry points for developing agency in shaping digital systems. When we stop trying to mimic the seamless perfection of corporate platforms, we can begin to expose the seams of our infrastructure. This transparency makes the system understandable and, therefore, maintainable by a community rather than just a specialist.

I talk to Paula about this, and she shows me wwwobble, a project she is co-developing that aims to lower the barrier to coding websites. However, the rise of 'vibe coding' (generating code with chatbots) introduces a strange tension with idea of the handmade web. While it also lowers the barrier to writing code, it allows creators to remain ignorant of its functions and implications, outsourcing the decision-making to a LLM and focusing strictly on the outcome. Ultimately, we tend to care for and maintain the projects we feel connected to, the ones we understand and have actively shaped. That kind of attachment is much harder to build with auto-generated content. Tools like wwwobble suggest a mixture of coding and direct object manipulation in the browser page, as a means of getting closer to the actual code without having to learn coding before, and remaining in control of the creative output.

Adding to an ever-growing pile of unused, unkept and unwanted hard- or software only adds to the amount of data and materials used and kept. The importance of maintenance, care and upkeep of existing collective digital infrastructure is what directed my thought process for the third cycle.

3: “The project A Traversal Network of Feminist Servers (ATNOFS) took place throughout the year 2022 in six diferent European locations, across various internet cables and with a small local server named rosa. ATNOFS is a collaborative project formed around intersectional, feminist, ecological servers whose communities travelled between each other to share and extend their knowledges through live gatherings.” (ATNOFS 2023, 3)

4: “We are the Haecksen, a group of FLINTA people (FLINTA: women, lesbians, inter, non-binary, trans, agender) with an interest in technology. Our aim is to promote intersectional feminist – and therefore socially relevant – perspectives within the hacker scene.” (Webseiten AG Haecksen 2026)

5: "Following propositions of regenerative agriculture and related approaches that start from a point of not only sustaining but actively improving socioecological relations, we outline an account of the design practice of a grid-liberated, hybrid solar and wind powered regenerative energy community server." (Snodgrass et al. 2024, 1)

6: The concept of the handmade web by J.R. Carpenter was introduced to me by the Poetic Computation research group at Varia in Rotterdam. The term ‘handmade web’ wants to suggest slowness and smallness as forms of resistance and looks at website-making as a craft.

Picture of the printed glossary
The printed glossary.

Digital Glossary

scroll right → → →

Black Box

"Presumably derived from the military jargon used for found captured enemy objects that were considered too risky to open because of their unknown contents, black boxes have become a fetish in both theory and practice." (Verena Kuni 2025, 8)

To me, the term seems an easy out, an excuse not to engage. Yes, some systems seem impossible to understand, but are they really? Instead of evoking helplessness, shouldn't we be looking for cracks, hacks, ways to understand, open up and remake?

Cloud

"We are all shards in the smash-up. Our lives, even the unruptured ones, bounce around on the seafloor. For a while we might brush tenderly against one another, but eventually, and inevitably, we collide and splinter." (McCann 2025, 1)

The idea of the cloud is a romantic metaphor that obscures where our data actually travels. From my computer into my Wi-Fi router, through cable networks growing ever thicker beneath cities and accross the countryside. Into a server centre, back into another cable, towards the coast, down to the ocean floor, and across to the next continent. Places none of us will ever see. Sometimes, this seems even more incredible to me than the idea of immaterial data floating in the sky.

Failure

A faint signal had returned. It could still well be that there was a break aboveground, not in the sea at all. I had read enough to know that the internet was self-healing. The data would be rerouted. Another cable would begin to fill, or half fill, the void. I presumed there were engineers at that very moment, their hair lit in digital blue, in London or Portugal, or Lagos, trying to figure out exactly what was going on." (McCann 2025)

We experience our infrastructure failing us in many ways, and much of that failure is quietly accepted. Yet technical failure is something we are seldom subjected to, a frailty carefully hidden. Behind the seamless rerouting and invisible repairs, layers of corporations profit from our attention, our labour and our data. The fragility is theirs to conceal, while we provide the fuel for their continued resilience.

Hardware

Image of a turtle skeleton with the words 'Your reminder that turtles are not *inside* their shells. They *are* their shells'

Internet Cables

"If anything, there was so much more that I wanted to excavate, especially the new cables that were planned around Africa at the cost of billions of dollars. The same corporations who controlled the cables controlled the information too. It was a well-dressed shell game. All the myopia. All the greed. A new cable would make billions of dollars for its owners. It was also quite possible that the information within was owned or tapped or both. The old colonialism was dressed up in a tube. It snaked the floors of our unsilent seas." (McCann 2025, 156-157)

Internet Cables

The first cable in 1858

Underwater cables in 2025

Internet Cables

The first transatlantic cable was a child of colonialisation and globalisation. To protect it from corrosion and coductivity at sea, 900 000 gutta-percha trees were felled in Singapore and Malaysia to create its rubber casing – a site of extraction that would nearly drive the species to extinction by the 1880s. The cable was successfully laid in 1858, but stopped working after just three weeks. Many more attempts and cable breaks followed until fast communication between the continents finally became possible six years later.

From the first steps towards the World Wild Web to where we are now, it seems to have always been the same ruthless race.

Permacomputing

"Permacomputing asks the question whether we can rethink computing in the same way as permaculture rethinks agriculture. Is there even place for high technology (such as computing) in a world where human civilizations contribute to the well-being of the biosphere rather than destroy it? Permacomputing wants to imagine such a place and take steps towards it." (De Valk and Heikkilä 2022, 1)

Permacomputing

"The term resonates with a lot of people, it captures something that is very much wished for, a counternarrative to the rapid 'upgrade-or-die' cycle promoted by the tech industry. It is also somewhat paradoxical, linking an environmentally lightweight practice such as permaculture with one that is as resource-intensive as computing, which doesn't only weigh heavy on the planet due to energy consumption, but also through unethical and damaging practices in several parts of the supply chain, from mining to manufacturing. Most energy is used during the production and spectacularly wasteful end-of-life phase. This is unequally affecting the Global South. The term permacomputing hints at wanting to do better without being naive about this paradox." (De Valk and Heikkilä 2022, 1)

(Digital) Sovereignty

Screenshot of Mastodon post saying ''

Terminal

An interface to your device that is operated entirely through text commands. It lets you interact with your system and run programs in ways that graphical interfaces do not, offering more direct control over software and certain hardware functions.

Termux

A terminal emulator and Linux environment for Android smartphones. It lets you run Linux commandline tools, scripts, and programming languages directly on your device, effectively turning your phone into a tiny computer while keeping your original operating system, data, and interfaces intact.

Trans*feminist Severs

I really want to mention this wishlist, but you will have to read it yourself:

https://etherpad.mur.at/p/tfs

Web Server

Any computer that delivers a website to the web aka a computer running server software and responding to http requests. Often that means renting space in a company's data centre and linking that to a domain name. But small websites can be served on the tiniest of computers, like an old vape or a broken phone.

Action 3: the Bleibeguide

5.1 Planning - A proposition

I wanted to use the rest of the thesis time frame to begin supporting an existing project in Basel. The Bleibeguide had come up a few times during the first year of the MA, and it felt like an important digital resource that I knew was in need of maintenance work. I proposed that this become an intersection of Luca’s and my thesis projects, Lucas focus being on solidarity. We also decided for this to be the beginning of a shared longer-term commitment, exceeding the time-frame of this research project.

The Bleibeguide is a collection of projects and resources in seven languages that aim to facilitate access to the city of Basel and the right to stay regardless of legal status, language or income. It started over a decade ago, with a first version published as a PDF by the Bleiberechtkollektiv in Basel in 2013. It was made into a website by the captns, a design collective in Bern, and revised in parts in 2015/16 by the Bleiberechtkollektiv. This collective no longer exists, and thus, the website has not been updated for many years. The website was made with wordpress and contains a google maps plugin that no longer functions. It is hosted by the captns on a plesk server from metanet, with the Anlaufstelle für Sans-Papier 7 covering the running costs. What we know of its history is pieced together from the website, other sites that refer to it and the people we were in contact with directly, who had been part of the project at different intervals.

Hmm, I can’t say exactly when the Bleiberecht Collective in Basel was founded. I only joined much later. Probably around the mid-2000s (when the slogan ‘Kein Mensch ist Illegal’ emerged). The Bleibeguide was inspired by the urban citizenship debate and similar, existing projects in Zurich (which emerged in the context of the Autonomous School) and Vienna. The first edition came out in 2013 (we raised the money through a crowdfunding campaign), the second in the winter of 2015/16. At that time, a grant application was submitted to print the second edition and create the website. The website went live in the summer of 2016 (I believe it was only updated sporadically after that). There was no third edition of the book. (Text message from Moritz, translated by me)

A lot of work had gone into this collection of resources over the years, into its preparation, production and dissemination. Before Luca and I started, we met Johanna and Finn, who, together with a third person, had taken on the task of reviewing and updating the information currently contained in the Bleibeguide. Contacting projects, deleting information that is outdated and editing addresses, links or descriptions where information has changed. In our conversation with them, but also with the others we were in contact with, the idea of ownership or authorship was rejected. Nobody claimed authority over the processes or results of the Bleibeguide. This is reminiscent of adrienne maree brown’s framing of being a “joyful conduit” (brown 2017, 7). Having something pass through you, shaping parts of it and then passing it on with the openness of it being reshaped. The Bleibeguide as a resource will undoubtedly become more valuable and more accessible, the more people are part of shaping it. As Marloes de Valk writes, “Setting up any kind of technological infrastructure cannot fall on the shoulders of one person and requires a gradual process of consolidation in a heterogeneous group bringing together different backgrounds and types of knowledge. It’s an ongoing process of learning from each other. It can only converge in a local and specific way.” (De Valk 2025, 143).

5.2 Acting - A start

Similar to what I had read and discussed with the collectives and projects that had inspired me, I wanted to align the technologies and design of the Bleibeguide to its principles. From a technical side, to me this meant situating it in Basel, ensuring transparent soft- and hardware, removing it from its big tech entanglements, keeping it small and lightweight, easy to update and well documented. For the design, Luca and I wanted to highlight the multiple languages and ensure clear structure, transparency and equal representation of the content. We had decided in advance to work on it intensively for a month and then to pause, reflect and make a plan to continue after the MA. After that month, we had established communication through texts, emails, voice notes, phone calls or in-person meetings with various layers of participants of the last decades of the Bleibeguide and sorted through the current and edited content by Johanna and Finn. We started setting up a new code and content base available here, which contains the new code I wrote for the website and the revised content in an unfinished state.

This new, in progess version is backed up and available through codeberg 8 and keeps all its data in the repository in a simple json format. The site is hosted on the phone server from Action 1, at the moment residing in Luca’s shared flat and currently available under http://92.104.182.86:80. This is a test run to see what kind of environment the phone server needs. Ideally, it will later move to a collective space in Basel that has opening times, stands in solidarity with the Bleibeguide and can make it a visible infrastructure in the city. Instead of waiting to finish a version of the site, we want to connect it to its domain soon, so people who still engage with it can see what is happening and get in contact with us directly, to be involved, in conversation or to contest or question the decisions we have made so far.

5.3 Reflecting - A stumble

We were often stuck between a wish for radical or experimental approaches, for deeper connections into the communities and a need for simplicity, availability, maintainability and the urge to get a new version of the ground quickly. How will this resource be shared? Who needs to know about it, and where is it available? Who is it for? Who does it belong to, and how can we make sure it doesn’t belong to us? What is the language and content of it? Who writes and decides this? How can we involve more people in this process, especially people affected directly by the barriers of legal status, language and income?

Pausing the work after a month has brought these questions closer to us. While knowing and speaking about how important it is to include more people in the process, especially people affected by the conditions that the Bleibeguide wants to stand against, we have pushed it further back. So far, we have been in contact and conversation mostly with the people who actively contributed to the Bleibeguide, to make sure we understand as much of its history and its intentions as possible. Luca writes in her thesis that it might also have been a reluctance to burden people, perhaps the thought of asking for free labour. I think it also came from us wanting to add to a collective effort from our skill-set, from the things we had spent years learning and rehearsing, so design and programming. Applying these skills to the project led us, to an extent, to fall back into the roles and processes we rehearsed them in (such as client and designer, brief, sketch and product). Thus, by redesigning and setting up the Bleibeguide alone, even though in conversation, we risk reinforcing existing barriers or even creating new ones. “Technology is, if not always already of the dominant culture, always laden with a legacy of division. Technical cultures are world-making: they sort people and present barriers to entry by design.” (Dunbar-Hester 2020, 242 quoted from De Valk 2025, 123).

Thinking on the problem of free labour, we applied for funding early on in an attempt to enable people to work with us on the Bleibeguide who cannot afford to do this without financial compensation. Something we find especially important is rewriting the content together to ensure the language and terms used feel appropriate to the different people the Bleibeguide aims to speak to, and translating the content. Luca writes about the potential tensions of paid and unpaid work coexisting in the project, stating that:

At the same time, the coexistence of paid and unpaid work within the same structure may impact solidarity itself. This dynamic is always complex, and a new asymmetry emerges in this project, as the process is facilitated by those (us) who work without remuneration. The decision to voluntarily forgo financial compensation is not neutral: it presupposes a position of relative economic security and is therefore not equally available to all. The hierarchies that emerge in this context deviate from the classical logic described by the critical social theorist and political philosopher Nancy Fraser (2016) in her essay Contradictions of Capital and Care, in which she argues that unpaid labour is structurally subordinated to paid work. Rather, the inverse risks producing its own asymmetries: those who receive financial compensation may feel less entitled to question decisions precisely because their participation is compensated; unpaid contributors may accumulate a form of moral capital that exerts an unintentional effect; and paid participation may be perceived as transactional or temporary, while unpaid involvement may signal a deeper commitment to solidarity. This produces new distinctions between those who ‘truly belong’ and those who do not. (Weiss 2026, chap. 5.2.2)

Figuring out how to include more perspectives in the Bleibeguide and how to ensure agency and reduce hierarchies within this collective work will be where we take up work again in the summer. We also want to further discuss and make transparent our commitment and capacities. When we started, we were already aware that, even more than needing an update, the Bleibeguide needs a longer-term care commitment. Is this a time frame of 3, 4 or 5 years that we commit to? How would we deal with one or both of us moving away from Basel? Who else can we include in this commitment? One possibility for this is finding a new home for it in a collectively led space in Basel, both to improve availability and to ensure there is a possibility for different people to access the infrastructure. How do we prepare the Bleibeguide for other people to take after those years are over? How often do we add or update the information?

Many questions remain open as we set out to reshape our process going forward. The process feels very different to what we are usually offered as services online and the way designer-client relations are often pre-defined. Instead of promising that all our burdens can be removed, our tasks and thinking automated, working with irresistible infrastructure, we are asked to stick with these troubles and share them amongst us and to continuously stay open for critique and reflection.

7: “Die Anlaufstelle für Sans-Papiers Basel ist eine Beratungsstelle für Menschen ohne geregelten Aufenthalt. Sie ist ein physischer und ideeller Raum, in dem sich Sans-Papiers austauschen und sicher fühlen können. Hier erhalten sie professionellen Rat und vielfältige Unterstützung in verschiedenen Lebensbereichen.” (Anlaufstelle für Sans-Papiers Basel 2026)

8: A platform for code versioning and sharing code.

Interim state of the reworked Bleibeguide website.
Interim state of the reworked Bleibeguide website.
Photograph of the phone server at Luca's home.
The phone server at Luca's home.

Conclusion

With this project, I also set out to find further roles to take on as designer/programmer, within the areas of making, sharing or using digital infrastructure. Marloes de Valk writes about using permacomputing principles such as observing and not doing to counteract the push for novelty in the creative sector and “the use of art for lending legitimacy and a friendly face to new technologies based on extractivism” (De Valk 2025, 126). Turning my attention from refusal to actively maintaining or making the systems we need, I want to use my observations of irresistible infrastructure to guide the ways I am part of making and communicating digital systems. As designers, we can start by offering and rethinking our skills and processes towards, as constant 9 describes “technologies [that] are not about fluency, smoothness, optimisation, and effciency, but are instead full of assumptions and problems that demand our continuous attention” (Mugrefya and Westenberg 2022, quoted from De Valk 2025, 157).

Reflecting on the three actions I undertook, my perspective and my approach have evolved, shifting the focus from consumable installations to collaborative projects fostering intimate encounters and shared responsibility. This shift occurred mainly through focusing on the work of community building, of maintaining and remaking relations, places and infrastructure over long periods of time. This is something that I both did and did not achieve within the three cycles. While I considered my work on the server to be missing a purpose and collectivity, and Luca and I criticised our mode of working on the Bleibeguide, I managed to consistently open my process of reflection and in-progress work outwards, receiving a lot of comments, voice notes, input and thoughts from the collectives I had reached out to. This remaking of my thesis process into one of exchange, collaboration and relation-building is what made it meaningful and enjoyable for me. Following the practice-based action-research cycles also helped me enter a more explicitly research-oriented mode, moving between action, reflection and writing in a less linear and more emergent way.

As mentioned at the beginning of this text, Olga suggests looking away from the inconvenience of making an infrastructural change and instead towards the irresistibility of the new encounters or learnings. This is a strategy for seeing the affective pulls of systems full of friction, limitation, relation-making and interdependency compared to the convenience, smoothness, addictiveness and dependency of big tech systems. In my research, irresistible infrastructure emerge as:

  • meso-scale projects of collective relations
  • aligned with and directed towards a purpose
  • explicit in their materiality and locality
  • role-opening with shared interdependencies and responsibilities
  • rooms of shared learning and intimate encounter
  • explain goals and decision-making to open for questions and critique
  • centre the quality of the relations
  • foster maintenance
  • sustainable and, where possible, regenerative
  • invite to share discomfort rather than evade it

This first definition that emerged from my process is suggested here as a way of thinking about and questioning existing or emerging practices rather than as design principles to follow. The most important learning from my process in working with these principles in mind is to proactively reach out to other communities to talk about processes and thoughts on both sides, to get feedback and further perspectives. Allowing time for reflection and conversation, and being willing to reconsider and adapt, is one way to ensure that infrastructure remains accountable to the community and beyond. It is these conversations and learnings that I will take with me.

9: “Constant is a non-profit organisation based in Brussels since 1997 and active in the fields of art, media and technology.” (Constant n.d.)

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MA Thesis in Transversal Design at HGK Basel.
Kindly mentored by Prof. Dr. Helen Pritchard and Cristina Cochior.

Thank you for reading. I would really appreciate hearing your thoughts via email.
The header font is BianZhiDai and is designed by Xiaoyuan Gao (notyourtypefoundry).